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bad knots, waste. two-threads, nibs.
 

*
Plate 4. Bad Knots.
(cropped to square; inverted; levels 20 1.00 255)
Warren P(haroah). Seem (1872-?). "International Classification of Raw Silk by Its Defects." Silk Essays : Consisting of Several Essays and Abstracts Submitted in the Silk Association of America Prize Essay Competition (1915) : 11-43
University of Michigan copy, digitized May 29, 2007
opens to same illustration, in the same author's Raw silk properties : classification of raw silk and silk throwing (1922) at archive.org.

bad knots
waste
 
two-threads
nibs
 
slugs
loops
 
split ends
bad throws
 
twisted on ends
corkscrew
30

epigram ex 31
see also Seem his US Patent 1300494 for a Cohesion Machine (1919)
 

28 January 2016
tags: classification; cohesion machine; defects; knots; lines; silk; uncleanness; W. P. Seem